World War II Essays (658 words) - Military History By Country

World War II World War II Before World War II broke out the world took a backseat ride during Hitlers rise to power. The entire world didnt think that he would become as influential as he became. Hitler achieved his power by relying on the navieness of the world to sit back and allow him to do as he pleased. The world was too concerned about political, economic and militant unrest to worry about a yelling German who thought we would rule the world. Before and during the war, the world was concerned about the economic system. Since ever since World War I, the world countries have been in and out of depressions, no one wanted another costly war. The United States, which was in the Greatest Depression of all, was deep engulfed in its isolationist policy. The US didnt want war, especially after the last one they fought with huge causalities and huge amounts of money spent. The citizens of the US didnt want another war because they knew that another war would cause another depression and that was something that the people didnt want. Even thought the war would create jobs, and put the economy back into a war boom, the American public didnt want to have to deal with the downsides of a war. The major downside being the huge economic toll it would take on the government, which would be fighting on two oceans on different sides of the world. It would become very costly to maintain war and win too. The world also had enormous political concerns. The US was in a period of isolationism and they wanted no part of anything else in the world, except the Western Hemisphere. With Germanys rise of Nazism, the world responded with fascist parties popping up in every nation across the world. Hitler has spread his beliefs into every county in the entire world, exactly what he wanted. These parties responded to every action that their leader took, they helped him scout out a specific country and infiltrate that countrys government. These parties believe in Hitler and did whatever he told them to do, including in the United States. After the countries realized Hitlers power they all formed different alliances. The Germans allied with Italy and Japan. The US allied with Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. It seemed as though each day another country would sign up with either side. Sometimes, even, countries would agree not to fight each. The pre-war and during the war, militaries from all countries fought a war with superior equipment than in the last war. With the invention of the plane, tank, machine gun spread war supplies all over the globe and allowed each country to empower itself. The US prepared for war by passing a series of congressional acts that enabled the war budget to increase dramatically. These acts also allowed for the US to help other countries without actually engaging in the war. The US supplied Great Britain with supplies and ships without ever declaring war on Germany. Germanys invention of the Blitzkrieg they attacked nations and conquered them in single days. No nation had ever seen tactics like this before, and they worked for Hitler. Hitlers air force was the best in the world, he had the most planes with the best pilots. They were unstoppable. Japans increase in military power proved itself with the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December. Japan showed off its massive air force that dominated and destroyed the majority of the United States Navy fleet. World War II was a war that brought the world together. There wasnt a place on the earth were this war wasnt fought. There wasnt a place on this earth were people didnt take sides, whether with the Allies or the Axis powers. The war brought countries like the United States and the Soviet Union together. However, the war did bring mass destruction the Europe and the massive demise of the people hated by the Nazis. Hitler almost wiped out an entire race; however, he failed because the on dominance and perseverance of democracy upon the world.

Philosophy of John Locke

Philosophy of John Locke Introduction Philosophy has often been found as the only subject that provides humanity with almost all the questions regarding life. Thousands of philosophical conjectures and theories have been postulated in a bid to shed some light on some of the complicated aspects of human life. Philosophers are among the most respected and celebrated members of the society. This is because their various discoveries have gone a long way to change the perception of humankind about life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this field has one major disadvantage. The disadvantage is that the inventions made by philosophers are solely based on their own life experiences and most of them cannot be empirically proved. Most people have been coerced to believe in mere theoretical concepts that lack any tangible evidence to lend credence to their assertions. This essay will di scuss the efficiency with which John Locke presents his philosophies as opposed to Karl Marx and Machiavelli who divulge loopholes in their concepts. Daily Life Experiences First and foremost, John Locke efficiently presents his ideas and concepts because they are derived from immediate environment of the people. John Locke not only uses his own experience but those of the entire populace as well to assert his concepts. It is therefore easier for people to comprehend the essence of the concepts because they can relate them to their own lives. For instance, in his attempt to define the concept of ‘The Self’, John Locke presents his case in a manner that can be approved by anyone who understands its weight. He posits that the human mind is predominantly empty. He further states that the mind is influenced by factors such as reflection, experiences and sensations. It therefore becomes easy for anybody who goes through the above three named situations to concur with Locke. This is attributed to the reality nature of his statement. On the contrary, a good number of other philosophers present ideas that are farfetched and without any relevance to the society. Such notions are difficult to be understood by the people because they cannot visualize the subject of the matter. The lack of an image of the subject in the minds of the people means that it will probably take them ages to fully fathom the meaning of the concept. A good example of such a philosopher is Machiavelli. The fact that there is a lack of coherence among the concepts of Machiavelli suggests that each concept was formulated by impulse and without much consideration on its relevance in the society. Machiavelli generally formulated concepts in a range of fields, ranging from political science to religion. This lack of specialization could also be an indicator that his concepts were not inspired by the state of life in the society. Karl Marx is also among those philosophers who came up with f arfetched theories that could not be applied to the society. A good example is the Marxism theory. His description of a totally flawless society under socialism is farfetched and unrealistic. According to him, the society under socialism would be one where there is a sufficiency of everything without ever having to struggle for anything.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The possibility that this state of utopia can ever be attained in any society is a zero sum game. This is because all members of a society can never be equal. There are vast discrepancies in terms of talent endowment and inheritance and these would still cause the difference among the people. Ambiguity John Locke also presents his ideas efficiently because they are devoid of ambiguity. The facts presented in his concepts are unequivocal and state clearly the matter at hand. This feature contributes to the eas y comprehension of his concepts by a majority of the people who come across them. The fact that they are clearly defined enhances the step by step understanding of the people. An example of such a theory is his concept on the limits of accumulation. He clearly states that although labor creates property, the accumulation of property is contingent on the capacity of man to produce and consume. Such a simple statement leaves no room for a misunderstanding or misconception. There are however other philosophers whose concepts are not clear hence leaving room for numerous interpretation. The lack of clarity of their ideas hampers their effectiveness to cause a desirable change in the society. For instance, in his view about religion, Niccolo Machiavelli reiterates that religion is manmade. However, he does not go ahead to explain why he takes this stance about religion. Such a statement is bound to leave more questions than answers, especially because religion is a highly sensitive matte r in society. It is also at the center of most values in society. This is because it is attributed to a supreme being. This statement by Machiavelli is therefore very ambiguous. Karl Marx also makes ambiguous statements when presenting facts in some of his concepts. For example, when he posits that the overtaking of the capitalist society by the socialist society is inevitable, he leaves the audience in suspense by failing to mention whether the two can concurrently exist or whether the latter will completely phase out the former. Marx does not talk of a transitional period between the two distinct types of societies. It is unlikely that total change can be abrupt. It is also unlikely that all the members of a capitalist society can change into a socialist society at one go and as one entity. This ambiguity hampers the easy comprehension of the audience.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy of John Locke specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different Points Of View Furthermore, John Locke manages to efficiently present his concepts because he does so from different points of view. He does not merely base his concepts on one vantage point to declare his theories but rather approaches them from the views of different personalities. For example, in his theories regarding religious tolerance, he approaches the subject from three perspectives. First and foremost, he acknowledges the fact that the concept of gauging different religious claims is far beyond the ability of humankind. In his second point, Locke considers the possibility of gauging the claims and uses this view to argue that using violence to force all the people into one â€Å"true religion† will not lead to any constructive results (Ashcraft 27). Lastly, he clarifies that forcing people to relate to a particular religion is likely to lead to more commotion in the society instead of the anticipated order. The other two philoso phers predominantly use a single vantage point to present their concepts. They are therefore marginalized, myopic or even biased in the formulation of their concepts. Niccolo Machiavelli discusses religion as a mere tool of maintaining law and order. He presents it as an aspect that negatively subdues individuals and gives unscrupulous rulers the chance to misuse their authority. He does not consider the fact that there could be other more meaningful causes for the existence of religion. By concentrating his discussion solely on the political effect of religion, Machiavelli furnishes the reader with insufficient information about religion. Karl Marx also focuses only on the advantages of socialism that will be effective in replacing capitalism. He focuses all his attention to the positive effects of socialism in the society. These effects lack appropriate stratifications and equal distribution of resources in the society. These benefits of socialism may be true, but Marx should have gone ahead to identify the negative effects of socialism as well. These effects may have included a slowed economic growth, lack of savings and investments by the people. The exclusion of these negative effects creates a false impression that socialism is wholly perfect. Size Of The Population Involved Lastly, John Locke is the best of the three philosophers discussed in this text because his concepts always involve the majority of the population. He does not dwell on trivialities. Virtually, all his concepts are centered on either the whole society or the majority of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is probably because he has the interests of the larger society at heart. An example of Locke’s concept which involves the whole society is the theory of value and price. This theory states that the number of sellers and buyers proportionately determines the price of a commodity. This concept involves everybody who is a buyer or a seller of any commodity in the market. This basically refers to almost all the populace. Another concept of John Locke which involves the majority of the population is the theory of value and property. In this theory, he states that property is derived from labor and it is therefore a natural light. Furthermore, he posits that labor is what gives value to the goods provided by nature. This concept involves everybody who is a worker or laborer. Therefore, it involves a lot of people. The other two philosophers’ concepts are majorly focused on the minority in the society. These minorities may be the rich, the rulers or the influential membe rs of the society. By focusing primarily on these minorities, the concepts have done little to help the other majority of the population. For example, in his book The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli’s message is directed to princes and other heads of states only. All the concepts in this book are meant to guide the leaders in their administrative activities. Such a book is of no use to the rest of the majority population who are in need of other serious things. Karl Marx’s ideas are also predominantly focused on the minorities in the society. Marx spent a lot of his time writing about labor and its relation to the labor provider. He stated that if anyone is to give up on his or her labor, then that can be equated to a spiritual loss. He regarded labor as the capacity of an individual to change the world (Calhoun 97). Since most of the society at that time was not engaged in any form of labor, Marx’s concept was directed at the minorities who had the privilege of bei ng employed. The concept was irrelevant to the rest of the majority of the population. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be inferred from the above discussion that John Locke presents his concepts in a better manner compared to Niccolo Machiavelli and Karl Marx. This is because his concepts are focused on real life experiences, are free from ambiguity, are presented from diverse vantage points and they are focused on the majority of the population. Ashcraft, Richard. Revolutionary Politics Lockes Two Treatises of Government. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. Print. Calhoun, Craig. Classical Sociological Theory. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002. Print.

Movies Adapted From James Patterson Books

Movies Adapted From James Patterson Books James Patterson is an American author best known for his compelling books. His works tend to fall into the young adult fiction, thriller, and romance categories. With such exciting plots, many of his books have been turned into movies. For James Patterson book fans interested in watching a movie adaptation, or for those who would rather experience a story through film rather than text, here is a list of James Patterson movies by year. Kiss the Girls (1997) The protagonist is Alex Cross, a sharp Washington D.C. cop, and forensic psychologist. His niece is kidnapped and held captive by a serial killer by the name of Cassanova. One of his victims who escaped, Kate, joins forces with Alex to find his niece.   Starring Morgan Freeman and Ashley Judd, this crime-mystery thriller will keep you on the edge of your seat. Miracle on the 17th Green (1999) This sports drama revolves around the game of golf. Mitch loses his job, and rather than find another job at age 50, he decides to compete on the senior golf tour. But this decision affects his home life, as his wife and family start to feel neglected.   Along Came a Spider (2001) Another movie in the Alex Cross series, Morgan Freeman returns as the titular psychologist and detective. Alex loses his partner on the job. Experiencing insurmountable guilt, he retires from working in the field. That is until a senators daughter is kidnapped and the criminal will only deal with Alex. First to Die (2003) Homicide inspector Lindsay Boxer is dealing with a lot. In the case of her career, her team successfully captures a serial killer but she also finds herself falling for her partner. All the while, she is secretly handling a life-threatening disease. Suzannes Diary for Nicholas (2005) Christina Applegate stars as Dr. Suzanne Bedord in this romance-drama. Suzanne discovers the truth about her former lover in a round-about way- through the diary that his first wife wrote to their son.   Sundays at Tiffanys (2010) Jane is about to get married to TV star, Hugh. But not all is happy and well. In fact, Hugh is only using Jane to get a lead role in a movie and Janes mother is very controlling. Janes childhood imaginary friend, Michael, reappears in her life. In fact, Michael is a guardian angel that is sent to help neglected children until they turn 9-years-old. This is the first time Michael meets with one of his kids when they are adults.   Maximum Ride (2016) This action-thriller follows six kids, who arent really human. They are human-avian hybrids bred in a lab which they escaped from and now hide-out in the mountains. When the youngest is kidnapped, everyone else tries to get her back and learn secrets about their enigmatic past in the process.

Lab report paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab report paraphrasing - Essay Example The term, total squared error, is used in defining the accuracy of the original signal in the Fourier series. The accuracy of the Fourier series can only escalate if the value of â€Å"m† increases. The accuracy, for example, deteriorates or is very low when the value of â€Å"m† is 1. Consequently, the accuracy of the experiment is very high when the â€Å"m† value stands at 6. The poor accuracy results from the failure to take into consideration the original signal. The original signal serves as a crucial first step towards solving the Fourier series. It is, therefore, important to have a high value as â€Å"m† in order to increase the accuracy of the series. H. Wilbraham was the first scholar to identify the Gibbs phenomenon. Josiah Gibbs then later studied the phenomenon in detail. The phenomenon has a direct relationship with the Fourier series. It appears as a small sinusoidal wave in square waves. The phenomenon forms part of the troughs and peaks in the series. The sinusoidal waves cannot be eliminated unless the â€Å"m† rises to infinity. In other words, the small peaks forming parts of the square waves are always present. There are several uses of Fourier series in Electrical engineering. There are, for example, very useful in studies involving harmonic analysis. Harmonic analysis refers to the assessment of periodic functions that constitute simple sinusoidal elements. The methods are of immense importance in noise analysis, filter designing, and signal analysis. These are just a few areas of the wide harmonic analysis that calls for thorough understanding before undertaking computations of the

Business Environment Analysis of British Airways Essay - 2

Business Environment Analysis of British Airways - Essay Example British airways vision is to encourage achieving values that are very important for the organization (Katie, 2013). The organization values to achieve acceptable standards to govern individual behavior in the organization. The organizations are running their businesses all over the world. The main purpose of these organizations is to fulfill the basic needs of the human and to give good impact on the world. The businesses usually established in order to prevent or improve the human life. Many organizations in the world understand the management of organization and explicit verity of decisions making to provide direction to the organization (Bryson, 2011). The organizational purpose is to take verify of the decisions for the insiders and communicate with the outsiders. In the private sector, the organization is not part of the government. Whereas, the public sector organization, is owned and operated by the government. British Airways is originally a privately owned aviation organization that was nationalized in 1939. British airways merge the financial losses and industrial operations privately (Heinz & Pitfield, 2011). In an organization, the stakeholder relationship model make connections between the organization and its stakeholders. It is essential for the organization to establish a good understanding with the stakeholder in order to raise the profit and organizational profile. There are many stakeholders of British airways, including customers, employees, competitors, suppliers, media, environmental issues, local communities, financial institutions, shareholders, government etc (Balmer, Illia, & Brena, 2013). Below few stakeholders are discussed. The customers are the major source of earning profits for the organization, and these customers have high impact on the management of the organization. The British airways always try to attract the existing customers and move forward to attract the young or new audience. The British airways have the

Criteria For Good Academic Report Writing English Language Essay

Criteria For Good Academic Report Writing English Language Essay The following interaction shows a number of key factors to consider when constructing a written piece of work. Following these points will hopefully develop your writing style and help you include every issue in your report. Contents and structure of a report 2.1 Contents and structure of a report http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif Photograph showing a close up the contents page in a report. http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif 2.1.1 Title page This should include the title, date and author of the report as well as the person for whom it has been produced. It may include additional information such as reference numbers, sub-headings and so on. 2.1.2 Summary (also known as an abstract) This is an overview of the whole report, including the conclusion or recommendations. It would normally be one paragraph long and needs to be very concise. Ask yourself: Why would your employer be interested in this research? What are the most important aspects of the research? What should a reader be sure to know about the research? What information will the reader need to have in order to understand the most important aspects? What are the main points from each section of your report? Summarize each section in one sentence, if possible. 2.1.3 List of contents This is a list of the chapters or sections of the report in the same sequence as they appear. Section numbers and the page on which they start should also be given. You will section a report more than an essay. For example you may begin with: Section title: Report Introduction 1.1 The background information 1.2 The purpose of the study 1.3 The scope of the study 2.1.4 Introduction The Introduction will include the background to the report. 2. Contents and structure of a report 2.2 Body of the report: survey findings and conclusions Headings within a report are not standard and they will be dictated by the nature and content of the report. The headings and content of the report should be in a logical order. This may be chronological order, items in order of importance or even perhaps alphabetical order. It is important to note here that if you asked a lot of questions you may not be able to include all the statistical data that you have produced. In this case place your statistical data in your appendix and use only the graphs and charts that are the most relevant to your findings. 2.2.1 Conclusions This is the critical part of a report where the author looks back over the evidence, reaches a judgment and looks forward to the recommendations. Before writing this section you need to take another look at: Considering your objective, did your survey help you to answer your original question? How did our survey help you? Were you right to think you needed to make changes? 2.2.2 Recommendations Recommendations should be kept separate from your conclusions so that it is clear what is being suggested. Care should be taken not to overlap this section with the conclusions. This can be a bullet point section, although it is advisable to number each recommendation so that each recommendation can be easily identified and recognised in future discussions. Recommendations might include: The new methods you would like to introduce into your salon to improve the way you work. The points that you would present to your employer and other colleagues. 2.2.3 Appendices This is where bulky raw data, diagrams, tables and other technical information should be included. The appendices can also include: A bibliography A copy of the survey (questionnaire) A copy of any interview questions and the answers given 2.2.4 Further Tips Other tips which may help you succeed in writing an effective report are: 1: Think before you write: This may sound strange, but make sure you give yourself a plan of action. What do you need to do, how are you going to achieve it etc. 2: Be clear what your purpose is: Through evaluating what the question wants, you should be clear on what it is asking of you. Identify what information you want to convey. 3: Discard everything irrelevant: Do not include sections of writing which you dont think fit into the issue you are analysing. 4: Arrange the material in a logical sequence: See the stages above. 5: Structure longer reports with sections: If you find that one discussion topic in your report is becoming overly long, then try to think of sub-headings which you would use to split it up and make it more readable. 6: Use a layout which helps the reader: If a tutor is marking your work, then it may be necessary to include a specific font and letter size which makes it easier to read. 7: Choose right words for meaning and reader: Do not fill it with long / difficult words in an attempt to make it look more intellectual. Use formal language. 8: Seek higher standards through self-criticism and practice. And finally 9: READ THROUGH YOUR REPORT AND CORRECT ANY MISTAKES. c Citation and referencing 3.1 Citation and referencing When writing a report you will have to use various academic texts (e.g. business planning, SWOT, PEST, SMART targets, Value Chain Analysis, motivation etc). These will contain theories that will help to explain your work. It is only fair that your use of another persons work or ideas to support your own work is appropriately credited to the original author. The process of referencing enables you to demonstrate to anyone reading your work, the breadth of research you have undertaken before producing your report and your familiarity with the subject without giving long explanations. People who read your work and find it interesting may want to know more about the subject. Your reference list is a good source of information that readers can use to guide their initial search. Citation and referencing 3.2 Plagiarism Plagiarism is the term used to describe the use of another authors work in your own report (either intentionally or unintentionally) without acknowledging that it is not your own, or giving the other author the credit for it. If you are careful and keep a good record of where you found information from there will be no problem in effectively referencing the source of any information or ideas you have found and the possibility of being accused of plagiarism can easily be avoided. Try to note down on paper every single publication and reference that you use when writing a report. It is important to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of a subject by showing that you can work with other peoples ideas whilst developing your own, but you must avoid simply reproducing other peoples work: in effect copying or stealing their ideas. Methods of referencing 4.1 The Harvard System http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif Photograph showing a library with shelves of books. http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif The main method of citation used for referencing focuses on what we call The Harvard System The Harvard System is the most common method of citation and referencing. However, in some areas, alternative systems can be used so it is a good idea to always check the requirements of your report. 4.1.2 Citing authors in the text Example 1 In this system you write the author/originators name and the year of publication of the document in brackets after each reference in the text. The research shows (Wheeler 1961, p.5) Example 2 If the authors name occurs naturally in the text then only the year of publication is given in brackets. Wheeler (1961, p.7) illustrates in his study Example 3 If two or more documents have the same author in the same year then they should be distinguished by lower case letters after the year of publication. Wheeler (1961a, p.5) describes this process in his study. In a second paper Wheeler (1961b, p.8) goes on further to explain Example 4 If there are 2 or up to 3 authors, the surname of all must be given. Wheeler, Smith and Jones (1993, p.15) have proposed that Example 5 If there are more than three authors the surname of the first author is given followed by et al (Latin term meaning and others) Wheeler et al. (1997, p. 3) believes Example 6 If there is no author then Anon should be used to indicate that the source is unknown. A recent article (Anon. 2001) states that Example 7 If a reference is to a newspaper where no author is given the name of the newspaper can be used. The Independent (1999) states that 4.1.3 Secondary sources If you refer to a source quoted in another source you should cite both in the text. Example 8 A study by Wheeler (1995 cited in Wood 1998, p.42) argues that You should only list Wood in your list of references, as this is the book/article you have actually read. Methods of referencing 4.2 Electronic Resources When citing Electronic Resources in the text please note: The use of the URL within the body of the text is not usually acceptable. It should only be listed in the reference list. As yet there is no universally accepted standard for citing electronic sources. It is advisable to include in your references the date you accessed the information. 4.2.1 E-book Author/s or Editor/s (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (i.e. year of print version, or year of electronic version if there is one) Title (either in bold, italics or underlined) (full stop) Edition (if not the first) Electronic book supplier [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: E-book Davis, B. (2000) Caring for people in pain. Netlibrary [Online]. Available at: http://www.netlibrary.com/Reader (Accessed: 6 January 2004). 4.2.2 E-journal To reference from an e-journal use the following format: Author/s (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of article (comma) Title of journal (either in bold, italics or underlined) (comma) Volume number Issue number (in brackets) (comma) Page number or online equivalent Name of electronic collection [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: E-journal Orkerson, A. (1991) The electronic journal: what, whence and when? Public Access Computer Systems Review, 2 (1), pp. 23-24 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/okerson.2nl (Accessed: 6 June 2002). 4.2.3 Website or Internet Database When you need to reference a whole website, use the format: Author, Editor or Publishing Organisation Year (in brackets) Website title (bold, italics or underlined ) (full stop) [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: Website Historic Houses Association. (2005) Historic Houses Association. [Online]. Available at: http://www.hha.org.uk (Accessed: 6 April 2005). When referencing web pages or extracts from a database, use the format: Author/editor or Publishing Organisation Year (in brackets) Title of extract (comma) Title of database (bold, italics or underlined) [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: Web Pages Darnell, M.J. (2002) Opening the file drawer, Bad Human Factors Designs [Online]. Available at: http://www.baddesigns.com/file.html (Accessed: 6 April 2005). Referencing In the Harvard system the corresponding references to citations in the text are arranged at the end of a piece of work in alphabetical order of authors surname, subdivided if necessary by year and letter. 4.3.1 How to reference a book Author/s editor/s (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of book (either bold, italics or underlined) (full stop) Edition (if not the first) Place of publication (colon) Publisher (full stop) [Add series number and volume number if appropriate] One Author Hayes, N. (1998) Psychology: an introduction. 3rd edn. Harlow: Longman. Two Authors Winter, J. Sivan, E. (eds.) (2000) War and remembrance in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Three Authors Thwaites, A., Davis, L. Mules, W. (1995) Tools for cultural studies: an introduction. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia. Multiple Authors Raven, P.H., Johnson, G.B., Losos, J.B. Singer, S. R. (2005) Biology. 7th edn. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Please note it is common acceptance, especially in scientific papers, to quote all authors in the reference list. However, this is not universal and an alternative, which is sometimes used when there are more than 3 authors, is to list the 1st author followed by et al. Please check your report requirements. 4.3.2 Chapter within a book Author/s of chapter or section (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of chapter/section (comma) Use the word In: Author/Editor of book/collected work (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Title of the book/collected work (either bold, italics or underlined). Edition (if not the first) Place of publication (colon) Publisher (comma) Page numbers of chapter (full stop) Example 1 Merridale, C. (2000) War, death and remembrance in Soviet Russia, In: Winter, J. Sivan, E. (eds.) War and remembrance in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 61-83. 4.3.3 How to reference a journal article Author/s of article (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of article (comma) Title of journal (either bold, italics or underlined) (comma) Volume number Part/issue number (in brackets) (comma) Page number/s (full stop) Example: Journal Article Bourget, D. (2004) Quantum leaps in the philosophy of the mind, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 11(12), pp. 17-42. Example: Journal Article, multiple authors Milner, L.M., Herrmann, M., Girand, K., Baker, M.S. Hiser, R.F. (2003) International sport fishing: the case of the German angler in Alaska, Tourism Analysis, 8(1), pp. 89-94. 4.3.4 Referencing a newspaper article Referencing a newspaper article is similar to referencing a journal except omit volume number and part/issue number and state the day and month of publication. Example: Newspaper Hiscott, G. (2005) Salt level in food overtakes poisoning as main concern of shoppers, The Independent, 17 March, p.8. 4.4.1 Theses or Dissertation When referencing a theses or a dissertation, use the same method as a book reference but include the level of the award (e.g. B.A., BSc., M.A.) and the name of the awarding Institution. Example 1 Gayfer, J. (1993) Controlling wall thickness of extruded polythene pipe. BEng dissertation. University of Derby. 4.4.2 Conferencing When referencing from a conference follow this format: Organising/sponsoring organisation Number (if appropriate) Year (in brackets) Title (in bold, italics or underlined) Location of conference Date of conference Place of publication (colon) Publisher (full stop) Example 1 World Health Organisation (1978) Primary health care: report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. Alma-Ata USSR, 6-12 September 1978. Geneva: W.H.O. 4.4.3 Audio-visual material Typically, putting the title as the first element of the reference is preferred but if an individual has clear responsibility for the intellectual content then they should be given as the originator. Title (bold, italics, underlined) Year (date of distribution)(brackets) Originator (director preferred) [Videocassette] (full stop) Place of distribution (colon) Organisation (full stop) Example 1 The Prince of tides (1997) Directed by Barbara Streisand [Videocassette]. London: ITV. 4.4.4 Maps When referencing from an ordnance survey map, use the format: Originator state Ordnance Survey Year of publication (in brackets) Title of map (bold, italics or underlined ) (comma) Sheet number (comma) Scale of map (e.g. 1: 50 000) (full stop) Place of publication (colon) Publisher (full stop) Series (in brackets) (full stop)

Humouring the reader

It Isn't the mother of all battles for pregnant women Confusion reigns within our society as pregnant women's minds are Influenced by media, doctor's orders and expectations. â€Å"Be sober. It Isn't the mother of all battles for pregnant women†, an pollen piece by author Rite Panel was published on the 1 12th of May 2014 In the Herald Sun. Direct yet informative In tone, Panel asserts that pregnant women should defy the changing and unreliable advice of doctors and should limit substance use for the sake of their ‘unborn child'.Emphasizing on her stance against pregnant women consuming alcohol, Panic illustrates the ambiguity of expecting women when faced with alcohol. The foreground imitating an authentic sky represents tranquility, contradicting the gloomy issue and suggesting that there is a balance between the temptations of alcohol when expecting and doing the right thing for your child. Panic purposefully uses a straight-on angle to dictate to the audience that eq uality Is prominent within this matter.Panic also inserts a hand hat Is tilted upwards In the shape of a tick' all the while gesturing defiance, signifying uncertainty. Moreover, the cunning headline explicitly asserts a pun, humoring the reader, all the while Informing them with the frank tonal shift. Adopting the tone of an outraged bystander, Panel appeals to the reader's empathy and humanity â€Å"an expectant women's diet, exercise habits, stress levels and birth plan all become a matter of public debates†, to attempt to ignite a sense of responsibility to protect and assist expecting mothers.Arguing that there are â€Å"long- term consequences† on pregnant women's health, the pejorative language of â€Å"potentially devastating† and sarcastic â€Å"useful opinions† further suggests society is unaware of the issues that is adjacent with substance use while expecting, and is a form of attack on the reader's. Heightening her irritation, Panic inserts s arcasm when using colloquial language â€Å"disturbing tidbits† and â€Å"bullied fatty', Shepherding readers to acknowledge her Inclusive' attempt to seem knowledgeable In the developing world.